动手玩转Scratch2.0编程

内容简介：

Scratch 是可视化的编程语言，其丰富的学习环境适合所有年龄阶段的人。利用它可以制作交互式程序、富媒体项目，包括动画故事、读书报告、科学实验、游戏和模拟程序等。《动手玩转Scratch2.0编程—STEAM创新教育指南》的目标是将Scratch 作为工具，教会读者最基本的编程概念，同时揭示Scratch 在教学上的强大能力。

《动手玩转Scratch2.0编程—STEAM创新教育指南》共分9 章，前三章讲解如何使用Scratch 绘制几何图形，并创建富媒体应用程序，其余章节使用Scratch 讲解各个编程概念。每一章都有许多完整的案例，读者可以模仿它们制作许多类似的程序。当读完整《动手玩转Scratch2.0编程—STEAM创新教育指南》后，相信你一定可以亲自完成各种编程项目。

《动手玩转Scratch2.0编程—STEAM创新教育指南》假定读者没有任何编程基础。《动手玩转Scratch2.0编程—STEAM创新教育指南》内容的难度基本不会超过高中数学，个别有难度的模拟程序可以先行跳过。

作者简介：

Majed Marji 拥有韦恩州立大学的电子工程博士学位和达文波特大学战略管理的MBA 学位。他在汽车行业工作超过15 年，开发了许多软件，涉及实时数据采集、设备控制、实验室管理、工程数据分析、嵌入式系统、远程信息处理、混合动力汽车，以及与安全相关的动力系统。Marji 博士还是韦恩州立大学电气工程系的兼职讲师，主要讲授通信工程、机器视觉、微处理器、控制系统，以及算法和数据结构等相关课程。

目录：

致谢....................................................................................................V

本书介绍...........................................................................................VII

第1章 准备开始.................................................................................1

什么是 Scratch ..................................................................................2

Scratch 编程环境 ..............................................................................3

试一试 1-1 ......................................................................................3

舞台 .........................................................................................................4

角色列表 .................................................................................................5

试一试 1-2 ......................................................................................5

试一试 1-3 ......................................................................................6

积木区 .....................................................................................................7

试一试 1-4 ......................................................................................8

脚本区 .....................................................................................................8

试一试 1-5 ......................................................................................9

试一试 1-6 ....................................................................................10

造型标签页 ...........................................................................................10

声音标签页 ...........................................................................................11

试一试 1-7 ....................................................................................11

试一试1-8 ....................................................................................12

背景标签页 ...........................................................................................12

角色信息 ...............................................................................................13

试一试 1-9 ....................................................................................13

工具栏 ...................................................................................................14

绘图编辑器 ......................................................................................15

设置图像的中心 ...................................................................................15

试一试 1-10 ..................................................................................16

设置透明色 ...........................................................................................16

制作第一个 Scratch 游戏 .................................................................17

第一步：准备背景 ...............................................................................18

第二步：加入反弹板和小球 ...............................................................18

第三步：让角色动起来 .......................................................................19

试一试 1-11 ..................................................................................20

第四步：添加声音更有趣 ...................................................................21

Scratch 积木一览 ............................................................................22

算术运算符和函数 ...........................................................................23

算术运算符 ...........................................................................................23

随机数 ...................................................................................................24

数学函数 ...............................................................................................25

本章小结 ..........................................................................................25

练习题 .............................................................................................25

第2章 动作和绘图...........................................................................29

使用动作模块的积木 ........................................................................29

绝对动作 ...............................................................................................30

试一试 2-1 ....................................................................................31

相对动作 ...............................................................................................32

试一试 2-2 ....................................................................................34

其他动作积木 .......................................................................................34

画笔模块和一个简单的画图程序 ......................................................35

试一试 2-3 ....................................................................................36

神奇的重复执行 ...............................................................................37

试一试 2-4 ....................................................................................37

旋转的正方形 .......................................................................................39

试一试 2-5 ....................................................................................39

试一试 2-6 ....................................................................................40

图章积木 ...............................................................................................40

Scratch 项目 ....................................................................................41

猫咪收集钱袋 .......................................................................................41

试一试 2-7 ....................................................................................41

接苹果游戏 ...........................................................................................45

关于被克隆的角色 ...........................................................................48

本章小结 ..........................................................................................49

练习题 .............................................................................................50

第3章 外观和声音...........................................................................53

外观模块 ..........................................................................................54

切换造型创建动画 ...............................................................................54

试一试 3-1 ....................................................................................55

试一试 3-2 ....................................................................................56

让角色思考并说话 ...............................................................................56

图形特效 ...............................................................................................57

角色大小和可视状态 ...........................................................................57

试一试 3-3 ....................................................................................58

角色间的图层 .......................................................................................58

声音模块 ..........................................................................................59

播放音频文件 .......................................................................................59

试一试 3-4 ....................................................................................59

弹奏鼓声和其他声音 ...........................................................................60

创作音乐 ...............................................................................................61

试一试 3-5 ....................................................................................62

试一试 3-6 ....................................................................................62

控制音量 ...............................................................................................62

设计 .......................................................................................................62

Scratch 项目 ....................................................................................63

在舞台上跳舞 .......................................................................................63

烟花效果 ...............................................................................................67

本章小结 ..........................................................................................69

练习题 .............................................................................................69

第4章 过程......................................................................................73

消息的广播和接收 ...........................................................................74

发送消息和接收消息 ...........................................................................75

使用广播机制协调多个角色 ...............................................................76

将大型程序分而治之 ........................................................................78

使用广播模拟过程 ...............................................................................80

创建自己的积木块 ...............................................................................81

给积木块添加参数 ...............................................................................83

试一试 4-1 ....................................................................................87

过程的嵌套 ...........................................................................................88

试一试 4-2 ....................................................................................90

分析问题的思维方式 ........................................................................90

自顶向下分析 .......................................................................................91

试一试 4-3 ....................................................................................93

自底向上分析 .......................................................................................94

本章小结 ..........................................................................................96

练习题 .............................................................................................96

第5章 变量......................................................................................99

Scratch 的数据类型 .......................................................................100

参数凹槽与积木形状 .........................................................................100

数据类型的自动转换 .........................................................................101

变量详解 ........................................................................................102

什么是变量？ .....................................................................................102

创建并使用变量 .................................................................................105

试一试 5-1 ..................................................................................108

变量的作用范围 .................................................................................108

修改变量的值 ......................................................................................111

绘制蜘蛛网 .........................................................................................112

绘制风车 .............................................................................................112

克隆体中的变量 .................................................................................113

试一试 5-2 ..................................................................................113

变量值显示器 .................................................................................116

在程序中使用变量值显示器 ............................................................117

欧姆定律模拟实验 .............................................................................117

串联电路模拟实验 .............................................................................119

试一试 5-3 ..................................................................................119

计算球体体积和表面积 ....................................................................121

试一试 5-4 ..................................................................................121

绘制玫瑰花瓣 .....................................................................................123

试一试 5-5 ..................................................................................123

葵花籽分布模型 .................................................................................125

试一试 5-6 ..................................................................................125

获得用户输入 ................................................................................127

读取数字 .............................................................................................127

试一试 5-7 ..................................................................................127

读取字符 .............................................................................................128

执行算术运算 .....................................................................................128

本章小结 ........................................................................................129

练习题 ...........................................................................................129

第6章 用逻辑做决定......................................................................133

比较操作符 ....................................................................................134

布尔表达式的求值 .............................................................................136

比较字符和字符串 .............................................................................136

分支结构 ........................................................................................138

如果…那么积木块 .............................................................................138

将变量作为标志 .................................................................................139

如果…那么否则积木 .........................................................................141

嵌套分支结构 .....................................................................................142

菜单驱动程序 .....................................................................................143

逻辑运算符 ....................................................................................144

且操作符（and） .................................................................................145

或操作符（or） ...................................................................................146

不成立操作符（not） ..........................................................................147

使用逻辑运算符检查数值范围 .........................................................148

Scratch 项目 ..................................................................................150

坐标猜测游戏 .....................................................................................150

试一试 6-1 ..................................................................................152

三角形分类游戏 .................................................................................152

试一试 6-2 ..................................................................................156

猫咪巡线 .............................................................................................156

试一试 6-3 ..................................................................................157

求解直线方程 .....................................................................................158

试一试 6-4 ..................................................................................162

其他应用程序 .....................................................................................162

本章小结 ........................................................................................162

练习题 ...........................................................................................162

第7章 深入循环.............................................................................165

循环结构 ........................................................................................166

重复执行直到积木 .............................................................................166

试一试 7-1 ..................................................................................168

将重复执行和如果…那么结合 .........................................................168

试一试 7-2 ..................................................................................169

停止积木 ........................................................................................170

试一试 7-3 ..................................................................................171

结束过程调用 .....................................................................................172

验证用户输入 .....................................................................................173

循环计数器 ....................................................................................174

密码验证 .............................................................................................174

灵活的循环计数 .................................................................................175

试一试 7-4 ..................................................................................175

循环的嵌套 ....................................................................................177

递归：调用自身的过程 ..................................................................179

试一试 7-5 ..................................................................................179

Scratch 项目 ..................................................................................181

模拟时钟 .............................................................................................181

试一试 7-6 ..................................................................................181

小鸟射击游戏 .....................................................................................183

试一试 7-7 ..................................................................................183

自由落体实验 .....................................................................................187

试一试 7-8 ..................................................................................187

试一试 7-9 ..................................................................................190

抛体运动模拟器 .................................................................................190

其他应用程序 .....................................................................................193

本章小结 ........................................................................................193

试一试 7-10 ................................................................................193

练习题 ...........................................................................................194

第8章 字符串处理.........................................................................197

字符串数据类型 .............................................................................198

特殊字符统计 .....................................................................................198

字符比较 .............................................................................................199

字符串操作示例 .............................................................................201

Igpay Atinlay .......................................................................................201

试一试 8-1 ..................................................................................201

单词修正 .............................................................................................203

试一试 8-2 ..................................................................................203

解密游戏 .............................................................................................205

试一试 8-3 ..................................................................................205

Scratch 项目 ..................................................................................208

射击游戏 .............................................................................................208

二进制数到十进制数转换 .................................................................211

试一试 8-4 ..................................................................................211

试一试 8-5 ..................................................................................212

试一试 8-6 ..................................................................................214

刽子手游戏 .........................................................................................214

试一试 8-7 ..................................................................................219

分数运算教学工具 .............................................................................220

试一试 8-8 ..................................................................................224

本章小结 ........................................................................................225

练习题 ...........................................................................................225

第9章 链表....................................................................................227

Scratch 的链表 ..............................................................................228

创建链表 .............................................................................................228

试一试 9-1 ..................................................................................230

链表的积木 .........................................................................................231

添加和删除 .........................................................................................231

插入和替换 .........................................................................................231

获得链表中的变量 .............................................................................232

包含积木 .............................................................................................233

边界检查 .............................................................................................233

试一试 9-2 ..................................................................................233

动态链表 ........................................................................................234

向链表填充用户输入 .........................................................................234

绘制柱状图 .........................................................................................236

数字链表 ........................................................................................239

寻找最值 .............................................................................................239

试一试 9-3 ..................................................................................239

试一试 9-4 ..................................................................................240

计算平均数 .........................................................................................240

搜索和排序 ....................................................................................241

线性搜索 .............................................................................................241

试一试 9-5 ..................................................................................241

频数统计 .............................................................................................242

试一试 9-6 ..................................................................................244

冒泡排序 .............................................................................................244

试一试 9-7 ..................................................................................246

寻找中位数 .........................................................................................247

Scratch 项目 ..................................................................................248

我是诗人 .............................................................................................248

四边形分类游戏 .................................................................................249

试一试 9-8 ..................................................................................249

试一试 9-9 ..................................................................................251

数学魔法师 .........................................................................................252

花的结构测验 .....................................................................................255

试一试 9-10 ................................................................................255

其他应用程序 .....................................................................................257

试一试 9-11 ................................................................................257

本章小结 ........................................................................................258

练习题 ...........................................................................................258

附录A 分享与合作..........................................................................261

创建 Scratch 账号 .........................................................................261

使用书包功能 ................................................................................264

创建项目 ........................................................................................266

创建新的项目 .....................................................................................266

项目再创作 .........................................................................................267

项目页 .................................................................................................268

分享项目 .............................................................................................268