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Hammer_
对
哪来的天才？
的书评
发表时间：2012-04-01 10:04:17
一
如果你很忙，那你一定是错的。
通常我们都会认为那些在某一领域所花费时间更多的人更容易走向卓越，但是通过对一所大学小提琴手的调查研究发现，事实刚好相反：普通小提琴手比那些精通的小提琴手花的时间更多，而那些精通的小提琴手则将更多的时间用来休息与放松。
关键还是要区分Hard Work 与 Work to Hard：Hard Work是一种的刻意的练习行为，并不会给我们带来多少乐趣，但是我们无需花费太多的时间也不可能花费太多时间在刻意的练习上（一天2-3次，一次1-1.5个小时是极限），而Work to Hard 则是一种消耗，我们将在一天之后精疲力尽，但却收获甚少。
二
这和一万小时理论并不矛盾。《Talent is overrated》里面比《Outliers》多的一点干货就在于：
真正大师级的技能，确实需要大量时间去训练，但是大师们注重的是“有效的训练”，即在“学习区”去训练，费劲，少许痛苦，但是技能在缓慢的提高。
作者说，“刻意练习”要包括以下特征，1. 可检测 2.有老师指导下可提高 3.可重复 4.可持续反馈 5. 脑力消耗 6. 体力消耗
其实就是一苦逼活。
不苦逼，没进步啊！
三
那么总结一下，天才=一定的IQ+ “？”
“？”里面，简要来说：定目标，找导师，做好前期准备，不停练习，即时反馈，不断改进，继续练习，寻找持续动力。
这样也太复杂了不是吗？
其实这些步骤，我们大多都懂，潜意识底下就会按照这样去做了，我们一路走来也经历了很多，懂得了很多，
张五常在《吾意独怜才》上说，
“第一步是要把有关的技术及知识搞得融会贯通。这一步，不容易，但只要痛下苦功，再蠢的也有机会办到。第二步是在思想上能够走进四顾无人的原野
世上天才凤毛麟角。主要是因为天下间大多数的人没有尝试 过——或没有机会尝试过---走上述第一，第二步。”
关键在于“痛下苦功”
成功的原理，在《阅微》中被一位目不识丁的老妇人道破：
以命博财, 翻译成现代汉语“玩命地干”。
Good luck and never stop till you succeed.
2012.4.1
By Hammer
------------------【美丽分割线】-----------------------------------
Readingnote:
1.实际上，我们希望做到的事都不那么容易。这就是生活，这是由于这些事不容易做到，才令得我们生活更有意义，甚至令我们更加快乐
Most of what we want to do is hard. That's life. Encountering problems, discouragement, and disappointment is inevitable. So any knowledge about what makes us better at the things we want to do—real knowledge, not myth or conjecture—can be used not just to make us richer but also to make us happier.
2. IQ is overrated，别太蠢就OK了，情商也很重要。
the link between intelligence and high achievement isn't nearly as powerful as we commonly suppose. Most important, the research tells us that intelligence as we usually think of it—a high IQ—is not a prerequisite to extraordinary achievement.
3.刻意练习的特征，1. 可检测 2.有老师指导下可提高 3.可重复 4.可持续反馈 5. 脑力消耗 6. 体力消耗也很严重
就是一苦逼活就对了。
Deliberate practice is characterized by several elements, each worth
examining. It is activity designed specifically to improve performance,
often with a teacher's help; it can be repeated a lot; feedback on results is continuously available; it's highly demanding mentally, whether the activity is purely intellectual, such as chess or business-related activities, or heavily physical, such as sports; and it isn't much fun
4.和第三差不多，刻意练习是怎么一回事
Let's consider each of those attributes of deliberate practice and what
it implies.
It's designed specifically to improve performance.
It can be repeated a lot.
Feedback on results is continuously availabl
It's highly demanding mentally
It isn't much fun.
5,开始的时候找老师或者前辈指导一下，是有必要的。
It's apparent why becoming significantly good at almost anything is
extremely difficult without the help of a teacher or coach, at least in the early going.
6.要在“学习区”学习
Identifying the learning zone, which is not simple, and then forcing
oneself to stay continually in it as it changes, which is even harder—
these are the first and most important characteristics of deliberate
practice.
7.
正因为刻意练习很苦，所以不是很多人能做到。不，是很少人能做到。你想不想做那个人？
If it seems a bit depressing that the most important thing you can
do to improve performance is no fun, take consolation in this fact: It
must be so. If the activities that lead to greatness were easy and fun, then everyone would do them and they would not distinguish the best from the rest. The reality that deliberate practice is hard can even be seen as good news. It means that most people won't do it. So your willingness to do it will distinguish you all the more.
8.演练模式，就是进行case study，其实挺有益的
Excellent chess players practice by studying positions from real games between top-level players, organized by various themes—openings, endgames, attacks, defenses, and many other categories that are far more refinedThe practice routine is to study a particular position and choose the move you would make, then compare it with the move chosen by the master; if they're different, figure out why and which is better.
9、继续上面的。最重要的是在案例分析时要问，如果是我，我会怎么做？
The essence of the chess model is the question: What would you do? don't just read the news, imagine how
it might affect the business you're in or want to be in, and answer the question: What would you do? Then comes a critically important step:Write your answer down and keep it. Remember, feedback is crucial to effective practice, and people have a tendency to misremember what they thought in the past
10.要寻找动力，内在的和外在的。
We know that great performance comes from deliberate practice,
but deliberate practice is hard. It's so hard that no one can do it without the benefit of passion, a truly extraordinary drive
最后，两句鸡血。提醒我们要及早行动，做好准备。
1.Few do it well, and most don't do it at all;the sooner you start, the better.
2.The extraordinary benefits of starting early and continuing on and on
---------【美丽分割线】-----------------------------------------
最后，你要过一下天才的瘾吗？
别怀疑自己，
是的，你可能是天才。
不信的话，你不妨试在某造诣上痛下数年苦功，
然后在思想上走进一个四顾无人的原野，
把手指交错着，等待上帝的赐予。
2012.4.1，愚人节
By Hammer
