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Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: CHAPTER III THE PRESIDENCY UNDER the old Confederation the United States had no President. There was a presiding officer of "Congress." but he was merely a moderator of The Execu- ., . tive under a meeting, and was in no sense an executive the old con- head Of a government. The President was federation. created by the Constitution of 1787. When the Convention met which formed the new Constitution it was not an easy matter to come to a conclusion as to what kind of an Executive the new government should have. It was readily agreed that there should be three departments, ?Legislative, Executive, and Judicial; but to cast these into form and to determine their powers, duties, and limitations and their relations to one another was not an easy task. The original "Randolph Plan," supposed to contain the backbone and skeleton of the Constitution, proposed that a National Executive be instituted to be virginia chosen by the National Legislature. It was pun. thought by some, notably by Roger Sherman of Connecticut, that the Executive should be nothing more than an institution for carrying the will of the legislature into effect; that it should be appointed Sherman's 111 rri idea of by, and be accountable to, the legislature. The Executive legislature was to be "the depository of the Dependence. ' ' supreme will of the society; to make the Executive independent of the legislature was of the veryessence of tyranny. The legislature was the best judge of the business which ought to be committed to the Executive department, and, consequently, of the number necessary to do this business. Therefore Sherman would not have the number of the Executive department fixed, but he would leave the legislature free to appoint one or more as experience might d...