林光常批判与洋水果“身份证”勘误
作者:李磊
4月11日晚10点05分,北京卫视“搜城记”节目《养生 我们听谁的》,由著名营养学家洪昭光和反伪科学斗士、生化博士方舟子与林“博士”同台亮相,面斥林光常的“另类养生法”,林当晚贩卖的所谓养生“新理论”无非是近几个月来他在各地电视台频频露脸时鼓吹的那番陈词滥调,如果说什么要少吃可乐、薯片等垃圾食品还言之成理,而什么牛奶是牛喝的人不能喝、鱼、蛋要少吃就基本属于扯淡了,属于这哥们为一鸣惊人而故作的惊人之语,不如此何以夺人眼球,何以贩卖他那本《无毒一身轻》?
洪教授说话绵里藏针,暗藏机锋,虽然口不臧否,但与林之言论相较,真伪、高下立判,方舟子则是完全不同的风格,一出场就大刀阔斧,直捣黄龙,首先指出了林光常先前陈述中的一个错误,林在上半场嘉宾对话中曾拿出2个苹果,一个果大色红,一个果小皱巴,并称不要小看这卖相难看的苹果,价格较另外一个高数倍,贵就贵在果上有个标签,标明是美国进口苹果,且为转基因苹果,顺便给广大电视观众灌输“常识”:进口水果上一般都贴有一个小标签,标签上有组阿拉伯数字,如果数字以4字开头,则表示是转基因水果云云。
恰好方舟子的专业背景使他熟悉美国在转基因产品标签管理上的态度,美国对转基因食品以及用化学、辐照等其它生物多样性技术生产的产品均不要求加贴特殊标签。只是对那些用现代生物技术生产的,成分、储藏、使用、安全等性能发生显著改变的食品才要求加贴特殊标签。美国鼓励企业公布转基因食品的信息,但并不认为提供这样的信息在实践当中有很强的可操作性,尤其对于那些原料来源于不同渠道的混合产品或加工食品来说就更是如此。美国认为加贴特殊标签无法为消费者提供更多的安全保护,反而会将相应的费用转嫁到消费者身上。额外
的标签不但不会使消费者了解更多的情况,而且会有误导的作用。因此,一般的苹果,在美国不会被特意贴上转基因标签,更何况,方舟子介绍称在美国还没有转基因苹果上市。因此,林光常一番慷慨激昂的陈述显然就是在瞎扯淡。
这下我们的函授假博士林光常坐不住了,与方舟子争辩起来,说美国农业部的农产品标签规定中有这样几条,以3字开头,表示该水果喷洒过农药;以4字开头,表示是转基因水果等等,方舟子则称,转基因食品的标注问题应该是美国食药局(FDA)来管,且不会去在产品上标明转基因,林则坚称方弄错了,肯定是美国农业部管这档子事。
其实,进口水果上那组阿拉伯数字,称作Plu number (price look up code),英文维基解释如下:
Price Look-Up codes or Product Lookup Number, commonly called PLU
codes or PLU numbers, are identification numbers affixed to produce in
grocery stores and supermarkets to make check-out and inventory
control easier, faster, and more accurate. The code is a four-digit
number, currently in the 3000-4000 range, identifying the type of bulk
produce (and related items such as nuts and herbs), usually including
the variety. Organic produce is denoted by a five-digit number whose
first digit is 9; an 8 prefix indicates genetically modified food. The
codes have been in use since 1990. Currently, there are over 1300
universal PLU codes assigned.
PLC码属于商品条码系统中的店内条码(In-Store Marking)。
店内条码是指由使用之商店自行编码印制使用之条码,仅於店内使用,不对外流通为原则,适用於非大量规格化的商品,例如生鲜蔬果等。常用的店内条码有PLU-13码,PLU-8码,NONPLU-13码及NONPLU-8码四种.其中PLU (Price Look Up) 为价格检索型,意思是在店内条码中没有代表商品价格的号码,必须要透过扫瞄器读取条码后,由电脑从商品主档的价格才可查出,主要是使用在销售量大的商品;而所谓的NONPLU (Non Price Look Up) 为非价格检索型,就在店内条码
的编码中含有商品价格的代码,这类通常是属於计量的商品。
还有一篇文章http://freepages.misc.rootsweb.com/~culbert/plu.htm
对PLU介绍如下:
PRICE LOOK-UP (PLU) CODES
Compiled By: James H. Culbert
Last Updated: 21 Jul 2004
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction
PLU stands for Price Look-Up code. PLUs are assigned for use with
fresh produce that are sold loose, bunched, or in bulk (i.e. an
individual apple or a bunch of greens). Because the average person
cannot determine, for example, whether an apple is a Fugi or a Gala by
looking at it, a PLU code is used by retailers to quickly determine
the price at checkout. The PLU code is entered by the cashier at the
cash register, and the item is weighed. The PLU code tells the
store's database the identity of the item and the cost per pound or
piece.
PLU Codes
A PLU code contains 4 or 5 digits. As of July 2004, the Produce
Electronic Information Board (PEIB) has assigned about 1370 PLUs (this
includes codes designated as retailer assigned).
Organically grown produce is coded by adding a "9" in front of the
four digit PLU code. For example, an organically grown banana would
be "94011". Genetically engineered produce is coded by adding an "8"
in front of the four digit PLU code. For example, a genetically
engineered banana would be "84011". For imported produce, if only one
number is provided in the PLU list, it is used. If two numbers are
provided (east and west), then the west code is used for imports. For
produce grown in Canada, if only one number is provided in the PLU list,
it is used. If two numbers are provided, the east number is used to
identify items grown east of the Ontario/Manitoba border, and the west
number for items grown west of the Ontario/Manitoba border. There are
different numbers for east and west mainly due to pricing differences.
An apple grown in Washington State, for example, will probably have a
different cost than one grown in another area.
综上可知,在北美地区生产的新鲜农作物,包括水果和蔬菜,坚果和香草(药草),都会贴上一个叫做PLU code的标签,方便店家扫描以得知价格、品种等信息。此外,PLU code还有另一个作用,如果这个数字是个4位数,则代表此农作物是用传统的种植方法栽培而成。如果这个数字是个5位数,且以「9」打头,则是有机农产品。如果是个5位数,而且以「8」开头,则是转基因产品。
http://www.innvista.com/HEALTH/foods/plucodes_123.htm 大家可以去这个网站看看每个plu码对应的是什么产品。【方舟子按:该编码标准由行业组织“农产品销售联合会”(Produce Marketing Association)制定,与农业部无关】
至于林光常称牛奶有害、多喝牛奶易骨折、要少吃鱼等奇谈怪论,方舟子引休谟公理轻松将其驳倒,非常不平常的主张需要非常确凿的证据。林光常孤立的、片面的、有悖常理的甚至纯属个人体验式的论据显然无法为其提供理论支撑,于是只有悻悻然落荒而逃。
前有15位营养学、食品科学和预防医学领域的权威专家联合撰写署名文章,驳斥林“牛奶有害论”,今有洪、方两位专家直斥其非鞭辟入里,林在大陆招摇过市的风光日子恐怕是要到头了。
http://www.shagri.org/ReadNews.asp?NewsID=19257
http://www.shagri.org/readnews.asp?newsid=19324
PS:对于洋水果上标签含义的解释,国内互联网上谬种流传比比皆是,比如应该是隶属于商务部的网页
http://xyscyxs.mofcom.gov.cn/news.do?cmd=show&id=8854,还有中国国家农产品加工信息网
http://www.app.gov.cn/user/chinese/comm/detail.asp?IClass=0201&IID=41547,
由此可见中文网媒的疏于查证与缺乏自律。